PH

1. What is PH?

A/ PH is measure of how acids or basic solution is, related to its concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.

2. What are PH values? Do these values depend on something?  Explain your answers.

A/ The pH scale generally ranges from 0 to 14. more acidic solutions have lower pH values , and a solution with a pH of 0 is highly acids. A solution that has a PH of 7 is neutral. More basic solutions have higher pH values, and a solutions with a pH of 14 is extremely  basic.

The acid solutions have more hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.  Neutral solutions have equal numbers of two ions. Basic solutions have more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions.

3. Check Chart 3.2 about acids and bases.  What can you explain about it?

A/ The strong acids are: Hydrochloric - Sulfuric - Nitric.

The strong bases are: Sodium hydroxide - Potassium hydroxide.

The weak acids are: Acetic - Carbonic – Ascorbic.

The weak bases are: Ammonia - Aluminum hydroxide - Iron (||) hydroxide.

4. What is Neutralization?  Give examples.

A/ is the interaction that occurs between acids and bases in which  the properties of each are canceled out by th other.

Example :

1:  an acid (substances releasing hydrogen ions H), and a base (subtance that releases OH ions) react to form a salt and water.

2: the pH of the neutralization reaction is a neutral ie 7, and the temperature increases ligemene as the reaction occurs.